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General Yarborough
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"De Oppresso Liber"
To free the oppressed
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General William
P. Yarborough
May 12, 1912 ~ December
6, 2005
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General Yarborough
"Father of the Modern
Green Berets"
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General Yarborough meets
with President Kennedy
Then Brigadier General Yarborough meeting with President John F.
Kennedy at Fort Bragg, October 12 1961 Lieutenant General William Pelham
Yarborough (born May 12 1912 in Seattle, Washington; died December 6 2005)
was a U.S. Army officer and a 1936 graduate of West Point. He is descended
from the York County House of Yarborough which can trace its lines to the
Battle of Hastings in 1066 under the founder of the house: Eustacius de
Yerburgh. William Yarborough is a distant cousin to such British noble figures
as the Baron Deramore and Lord Alvingham.
Early life
William Pelham Yarborough was born May 12 1912 in Seattle, Washington.
He is the son of Colonel Leroy W. and Addessia Yarborough. He attended
high school at San Raphael Military Academy in California and later at
Columbus, Georgia. Following graduation from West Point in June 1936 General
Yarborough was assigned to the 57th Infantry, Philippine Scouts at Fort
McKinley, Luzon where he remained until February 1940, when he was transferred
to the 29th Infantry Regiment at Fort Benning, Georgia. He joined the newly
formed 501st Parachute Battalion in late 1940 and was given command of
Company "C". Later, as Test Officer for the Provisional Parachute Group
in 1941, he designed the paratrooper's boot, the paratrooper's uniform,
the parachutist's qualification badge, and a number of aerial delivery containers
for which he received U. S. patents, which he then donated to the Department
of the Army.
"Jump Wings" designed by General Yarborough
(click picture to view detailed
account)
World War II
In July 1942, Major Yarborough was selected by General Mark Clark
to be his Airborne Advisor and in that capacity accompanied General Clark
to England. As a working member of the London Planning Group, he developed
the initial concept and plan for the airborne phase of the North African
Invasion. When the Paratroop Task Force departed Land's End, England on
November 7 1942, Yarborough as executive officer accompanied it on its
flight over Spain toward its target objectives in Algeria. This was the
longest operational flight ever made by parachute troops. In the course of
the ensuing action the airplane in which he was flying was shot down by
Vichy French fighter aircraft over the Sebkra d’Oran. He participated in
combat operations to capture Tafaroui Airdrome in Algeria. A week later,
Yarborough parachuted into Youks les Bains Airfield near Tebessa, Algeria
(near the Tunisian border) and fighting as part of a combined French and
U.S. Paratroop Task Force in Tunisia until January 1943, when he returned
to the United States.
In March 1943, Yarborough returned to North Africa as Commander
of the 2d Battalion, 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82d Airborne
Division, and led his unit through the Sicilian Invasion. He was promoted
to Lieutenant Colonel in May. During Operation Avalanche Yarborough served
as the airborne officer of G-3, Fifth Army and organized the night drop
zone to receive the latest elements of the 82d, which had flown from Sicily
to relieve the beleaguered beachhead.
Just prior to the fall of Naples, Yarborough was given command of
the 509th Parachute Battalion. His unit, as part of Darby's Ranger Force,
made the initial landings at Anzio-Nettuno and held a key position on
the beachhead for two months. Later under his command the 509th and two
attached parachute battalions spearheaded the invasion into southern France,
landing on a mountaintop near Le Muy before dawn. Cannes, Nice and Monte
Carlo along the Cote d’Azur fell to the parachutists who then turned northward
into the Maritime Alps to protect the right flank of the U.S. Seventh Army
as it moved north.
Yarborough returned briefly to the United States to attend the 21st
course of the Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
He returned to Europe in January 1945 as commander of the 473d Infantry
Regimental Combat Team, which fought its way up the Ligurian Coast to
Genoa and the French border as World War II came to an end.
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Service in Europe, US, and
Cambodia
In June 1945 the 473d Infantry Regiment was shipped back to the
United States for deactivation and General Yarborough, remaining in
Europe, was named as Provost Marshal; first of the 15th Army Group, and
later of the U.S. Forces in Austria and the Vienna Area Command. In the
latter position he organized the famous Four Power International Patrol
of Russian, French, British, and American military police.
From 1947 to 1949 General Yarborough served as Director of the Department
of Troop Information and Education at the Armed Forces Information School,
Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. In 1950 he returned to Europe for the
third time to attend the British Staff College at Camberly, England. Upon
graduation he was assigned to the NATO Plans Section of the Joint American
Military Advisory Group to Europe, stationed in London. He entered the Army
War College as a student in 1952 and after graduation served on its faculty
for three years.
In 1956 he became Deputy Chief of the U. S. Military Advisory and
Assistance Group to Cambodia. He remained in this assignment until he
returned to the U.S. Army War College for a temporary tour prior to assuming
command of the 1st Battle Group, 7th Infantry at Fort Benning, Georgia,
later moving it to Aschaffenburg, Germany. Leaving the Battle Group in 1958,
he commanded the 66th Counterintelligence Corps Group in Stuttgart for
two years until his reassignment to Fort Bragg, North Carolina.
Commander of US Army School
"Jump wings" designed by YarboroughIn January 1961, he was appointed
commander/commandant of the US Army Special Warfare Center/School for
Special Warfare at Fort Bragg, NC. Remaining until 1965, he was instrumental
in the build-up of Special Forces, overseeing the activation of four new
Groups. He also worked diligently to increase the professional and academic
standard of the JFK School, bringing in national figures in anthropology,
history, science, and inviting leading political figures to speak. He initiated
an exhaustive review of training programs and doctrine, and wrote numerous
monographs on subjects pertaining to Special Operations, which are still
relevant today. It was also under his management that foreign students were
fully integrated into training and language instruction was expanded. He
established five new courses including the Military Assistance Training
Advisor School, the Unconventional Warfare course and the Counter-Terrorism
course. He also initiated a staff study that later resulted in the movement
of the US Army Civil Affairs School from Fort Gordon, GA to Fort Bragg.
It was during his tenure as Commander of the Special Warfare Center
that in 1961, he arranged for President Kennedy to visit Fort Bragg, resulting
in the authorization of the Green Beret for wear as the official headgear
of Special Forces. 
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Colombia
A Fort Bragg top-level U.S. Special Warfare team, headed by Special
Warfare Center commander General Yarborough, visited Colombia in February
1962. In a secret supplement to his report to the joint Chiefs of Staff,
Yarborough, encouraged a stay-behind irregular force and its immediate
deployment to eliminate communists representing a future threat:
"[A] concerted country team effort should be made now to select
civilian and military personnel for clandestine training in resistance
operations in case they are needed later. This should be done with a view
toward development of a civil and military structure for exploitation
in the event the Colombian internal security system deteriorates further.
This structure should be used to pressure toward reforms known to be needed,
perform counter-agent and counter-propaganda functions and as necessary
execute paramilitary, sabotage and/or terrorist activities against known
communist proponents. It should be backed by the United States."
Yarborough encouraged "an intensive civilian registration program
. . . so that [everyone] is eventually registered in government files
together with fingerprints and photographs." Interrogation procedures and
techniques, including regular questioning of rural villagers "who are believed
to be knowledgeable of guerrilla activities" were advised. "Exhaustive interrogation
of the bandits, to include sodium pentathol and polygraph, should be used
to elicit every shred of information. Both the Army and the Police need
trained interrogators."[1] Pentathol was originally used by doctors for
relaxation, but in the 1970s it was reported used by some Latin American
militaries to induce "paralysis, agony, and terror."[2]
"In general, the Yarborough team recommended that the US provide
guidance and assistance in all aspects of counter-insurgency…Civilian
and military personnel, clandestinely selected and trained in resistance
operations, would be required in order to develop an underground civil
and military structure. This organization was to undertake 'clandestine
execution of plans developed by the United States Government toward defined
objectives in the political, economic, and military fields'...it would…undertake
… 'paramilitary, sabotage, and/or terrorist activities against known communist
proponents'."[3]
Asian service
After his tenure at the Special Warfare School, he served as Senior
Member, UN Command Military Armistice Commission, Panmunjom, Korea where
he was the chief spokesman and negotiator for the UN Command in talks
with the North Koreans and Chinese. He then was assigned as Assistant
Deputy Chief of Staff for Special Operations in the Pentagon with the responsibility
of all Special Forces, PSYOP and Civil Affairs units and activities. In
this position, he completed exhaustive studies on the state of insurgencies
in Thailand and Latin America. A year later, he became the Assistant Chief
of Staff for Intelligence on the Army General Staff where he monitored the
Army’s intelligence training programs, provided finished intelligence materials
to the Army General Staff and directed the Army’s personnel security
program. He also directed the programs in which foreign military attaches
assigned to Washington were involved and was responsible for their accreditation
by DA.
During the final years of his career, Yarborough was the Army’s
top intelligence officer at the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. He assumed
the command of I Corps in Korea in 1968, a position he held for a year.
I Corps consisted of both conventional and nuclear weapons, two American
divisions and three Korean Divisions and a Korean Marine Corps Brigade,
numbering approximately 100,000 men. In 1969, he was assigned as the Chief
of Staff and Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Pacific, responsible
for directing a wide variety of Army activities in the Pacific Rim, including
planning joint training exercises, response to natural disasters and monitoring
intelligence operations. He retired from the Army in 1971.
In 1971, the Army tasked him to prepare a classified Asian study
on the state of the Asian continent after the Vietnam Conflict. He also
was a guest speaker for the National Strategy Information Center where
he gave talks such as the Changing Balance of Military Power or the history
of Special Forces to various groups around the country. He also was asked
to visit various countries such as Rhodesia and Mozambique for the State
Department. From his visits, he wrote various talking papers still in use
today.
Later life
Lieutenant General Yarborough was a member of the Rotary and Kiwanis
Clubs. He is also an honorary member of the British SAS Regiment and a
member of the St. John’s Lodge 260, F&AM. He wrote two books: Bail
Out Over North Africa and So You Want A Volunteer Army. General Yarborough
was married to his wife Norma for over 60 years. They had three children:
2 girls and one boy. Mrs. Yarborough died in 1999. He was honored in the
fall of 2005 with the donation of a bust in his honor at the Airborne and
Special Operations Museum in Fayetteville, North Carolina.
Honored with a bronze sculpture at Fort Bragg, General
Yarborough,
was an airborne hero of World War II and one of the founders of the
Special Forces.
A veteran of four combat jumps, General Yarborough holds, among
other awards and decorations, the Distinguished Service Medal, Silver
Star, Legion of Merit with three Oak Leaf Clusters, Bronze Star, Joint
Services Commendation Medal, Italian Bronze Medal for Valor, Italian Cross
for Valor, French Croix de Guerre with Palm, Regimental Badge 3d Zouaves,
Korean Order of Merit Second Class, Combat Infantryman Badge, the Cambodian,
Korean, Philippine, Thai and Vietnamese Parachutist Badges, and the Unit
Citation with Oak Leaf Cluster.
Yarborough's military service also is commemorated with a knife named
after him and issued only to current or former Green Berets. Each Yarborough
knife bears a serial number registering its owner.
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Special Forces Lt. Col. (ret.)
William Lee Yarborough, is a member of Chapter XI, and the son of
General William P. Yarborough
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Robin Moore's letter to General Yarborough
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Website Comments, contact: webmaster@sfa11.org
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